Design Readings of Characters

Every character for which LI Xutong's Exploring the Design Mysteries of Chinese Characters gives a design reading: 167 characters, one article each, grouped as in the book, from strokes and components to single-unit and compound characters. Choose a character to read its common reading first, then its design reading.

The common reading is that of traditional philology and modern dictionaries; the design reading recovers the rationale of the character's formation from the meanings of its strokes, the pairing of yin and yang and the nine-palace layout, following the New Six Scripts. Its premise, that the generative mechanism of Chinese characters was designed, is an axiom of this system and differs from the evolutionary account usual in philology. Where the manuscript gives only a design reading, no common reading is invented.

The origin of writing

文 (wén): design reading

文: the teachings of the Buddhist and Daoist schools.

回 (huí): design reading

回: return to one's origin.

進 (jìn): design reading

進: to advance is to turn toward goodness.

One to ten and the basic strokes

一 (yī): design reading

一: the Dao is established in one.

二 (èr): design reading

二: one gives rise to two, and yin and yang appear.

三 (sān): design reading

三: the three powers of heaven, earth and humanity.

四 (sì): design reading

四: the four images and the cycle of life.

五 (wǔ): design reading

五: matter, the Five Phases, and nothingness.

六 (liù): design reading

六: a seed that remains after catastrophe.

七 (qī): design reading

七: the Dao begins to tilt.

八 (bā): design reading

八: yin and yang split and can no longer give rise to each other.

九 (jiǔ): design reading

九: the time of salvation begins.

十 (shí): design reading

十: the world of the ten directions.

人 (rén): design reading

人: one left-falling and one right-falling stroke: people are men and women.

只 (zhī): design reading

只: a separated individual.

長 (cháng): design reading

長: after falling, obtaining the Fa and cultivating inward.

句 (jù): design reading

句: speaking reasonably and with substance.

The two modes, the four images and the five phases

武 (wǔ): design reading

武: stopping the spear: do not resort to force lightly.

闐 (tián): design reading

闐: the true gate is heaven.

理 (lǐ): design reading

理: 王 + 里: principle and rationale.

意 (yì): design reading

意: sound upon the heart is intent.

金 (jīn): design reading

金: the golden Buddha body cultivated in the fire of karma.

水 (shuǐ): design reading

水: the virtue of water: Truthfulness, Compassion, Forbearance.

木 (mù): design reading

木: the Jianmu tree: the world made of the Buddhist and Daoist schools.

土 (tǔ): design reading

土: the matter of the Three Realms.

霧 (wù): design reading

霧: mist, matter, enlightenment: the Three Realms are delusion.

The most common components

口 (kǒu): design reading

口: space-time, the Three Realms, the small universe of the body.

日 (rì): design reading

日: the Dao within this space-time.

曰 (yuē): design reading

曰: the Dao within the mouth.

言 (yán): design reading

言: speech that accords with the laws of the universe.

艹 (cǎo): design reading

艹: yin and yang meet; each blade of grass a world.

扌 (shǒu): design reading

扌: obtaining the Fa, looking inward, rising through cultivation.

虫 (chóng): design reading

虫: a lowly life fallen from a higher realm.

山 (shān): design reading

山: where cultivators live, and from which they ascend out of the Three Realms.

田 (tián): design reading

田: the four and eight directions, the world of the ten directions.

由 (yóu): design reading

由: breaking the bonds of the small world and reaching upward.

申 (shēn): design reading

申: taking part in the Fa-rectification and cultivating out of the Three Realms.

神 (shén): design reading

神: 礻 + 申: the process of becoming a god.

里 (lǐ): design reading

里: earth under the field: the inside.

月 (yuè): design reading

月: the sign of yin.

陽 (yáng): design reading

陽: the sun rises and the moon sets: yang grows, yin wanes.

陰 (yīn): design reading

陰: clouds covering the sun.

女 (nǚ): design reading

女: yin and yang joined, bearing children.

又 (yòu): design reading

又: changes of the Dao unfolding again and again.

冂 (jiōng): design reading

冂: dual cultivation of mind and body, rising to completion.

厶 (sī): design reading

厶: what has slanted must be righted; look within.

百 (bǎi): design reading

百: we come and go with nothing: all is empty.

千 (qiān): design reading

千: the world of the ten directions made manifest.

萬 (wàn): design reading

萬: saving people with the boundless Dao and Fa.

億 (yì): design reading

億: thought governed by the heart.

兆 (zhào): design reading

兆: the cracks in a divination shell.

己 (jǐ): design reading

己: cultivating oneself by the Fa, mind and body together.

已 (yǐ): design reading

已: one's true nature covered by desire: it must stop.

巳 (sì): design reading

巳: the snake, which spies on heaven's principles.

巴 (bā): design reading

巴: a great snake that has gained spiritual power.

士 (shì): design reading

士: close to the way of heaven, carrying the Dao with great virtue.

天 (tiān): design reading

天: life fallen from heaven into the mortal world.

未 (wèi): design reading

未: still far from heaven, not yet risen.

末 (mò): design reading

末: close to heaven, the ascent nearing its end.

東 (dōng): design reading

東: the sun rising through the trees.

西 (xī): design reading

西: sunset, coming to rest.

南 (nán): design reading

南: the direction where Shakyamuni Buddha appeared.

北 (běi): design reading

北: the direction behind one.

朝 (zhāo): design reading

朝: yin and yang meeting at sunrise.

晝 (zhòu): design reading

晝: the sun following its course after rising.

夜 (yè): design reading

夜: a person standing under the moon.

目 (mù): design reading

目: the eye that sees the changes of yin and yang.

見 (jiàn): design reading

見: two kinds of people looking with their eyes.

貝 (bèi): design reading

貝: seeing only money, not the Dao.

頁 (yè): design reading

頁: yin and yang reversed: the last page.

自 (zì): design reading

自: beginning to show.

身 (shēn): design reading

身: that which shows oneself outwardly.

且 (qiě): design reading

且: the downward change stops here.

耳 (ěr): design reading

耳: hearing only what accords with the Dao, and taking it to heart.

兩 (liǎng): design reading

兩: two people together: look inward when there is conflict.

來 (lái): design reading

來: people come from the universe.

走 (zǒu): design reading

走: people falling down into the earth of the Three Realms.

大 (dà): design reading

大: one who has the Dao and is reasonable is a great person.

小 (xiǎo): design reading

小: the image of yin and yang parting and dispersing.

白 (bái): design reading

白: the manifestation of the Dao and Fa in this world.

黑 (hēi): design reading

黑: karma: fire burning above and below.

Character components: one to three strokes

子 (zi): design reading

子: coming down with a vow to save people, and obtaining the Great Law.

了 (liǎo): design reading

了: without the Great Law, life ends in the red dust.

刀 (dāo): design reading

刀: the Fa saving people is like scraping a bone to heal a wound.

力 (lì): design reading

力: the true power of cultivating the Fa and saving people.

匕 (bǐ): design reading

匕: a hidden knife.

几 (jī): design reading

几: in the human world, only the Fa can be relied on.

厂 (hǎn): design reading

厂: what shelters one's life is the Fa.

广 (ān): design reading

广: a hut where people can live.

卜 (bǔ): design reading

卜: losing one's way: divination to understand the Fa.

乃 (nǎi): design reading

乃: a stroke with the attribute of the four images.

夕 (xī): design reading

夕: the image of the Dharma-ending period.

寸 (cùn): design reading

寸: a world of worlds within an inch.

也 (yě): design reading

也: cultivating oneself and saving others matter equally.

干 (gān): design reading

干: the Fa is the world's best shield.

亡 (wáng): design reading

亡: fleeing is no way out.

飛 (fēi): design reading

飛: obtaining the Fa, cultivating, and ascending.

疒 (nè): design reading

疒: yin and yang reversed: deviating from the Fa brings illness.

丸 (wán): design reading

丸: obtaining the Fa and cultivating to completion.

才 (cái): design reading

才: using the wisdom born of cultivation to serve others.

尸 (shī): design reading

尸: the body, through which a person shows outwardly.

及 (jí): design reading

及: save people in time; seize the chance.

勺 (sháo): design reading

勺: nothing one gives is better than the Fa.

與 (yǔ): design reading

與: the best thing to give others is the Fa.

弓 (gōng): design reading

弓: humble outside, strong inside.

門 (mén): design reading

門: the gate of dual cultivation of mind and body.

巾 (jīn): design reading

巾: rising through cultivation is the foremost matter.

習 (xí): design reading

習: to rectify a world where yin and yang are reversed.

Character components: four strokes

不 (bù): design reading

不: no second gate: going several ways at once will not do.

牛 (niú): design reading

牛: turning over the surface to see the essence, in good order.

開 (kāi): design reading

開: completing cultivation in the gate: opening of gong and enlightenment.

父 (fù): design reading

父: yin and yang joined again: the one who teaches the Fa is Shifu.

毛 (máo): design reading

毛: deviation suppressing the righteous law: the image of a beast.

岡 (gāng): design reading

岡: cultivating within the Fa, one can pass the test.

手 (shǒu): design reading

手: using the hands came after people deviated from the Fa.

壬 (rén): design reading

壬: deviating from the Fa in the guise of a king: treachery.

午 (wǔ): design reading

午: the world beginning to deviate from the Fa: yin and yang begin to reverse.

為 (wéi): design reading

為: when acting, remember non-action.

止 (zhǐ): design reading

止: cultivate upward step by step; do not stop.

廿 (niàn): design reading

廿: the relationship between two universes.

氏 (shì): design reading

氏: recording lineage to prevent marriage between kin.

片 (piàn): design reading

片: making a plane according to a rule.

斤 (jīn): design reading

斤: correcting with the axe: cutting away what is crooked.

尤 (yóu): design reading

尤: going too far is as bad as falling short.

斗 (dǒu): design reading

斗: measuring rice is measuring one's conscience.

犬 (quǎn): design reading

犬: taking the animal side of “person”.

凶 (xiōng): design reading

凶: not cultivating goodness, becoming a demon, struck down by heaven.

歹 (dǎi): design reading

歹: what is not upright will be rectified.

車 (chē): design reading

車: the greatest vehicle, carrying us through the universe.

勿 (wù): design reading

勿: the laws of all three ways have deviated: do not go on.

互 (hù): design reading

互: heaven and earth interacting through humans.

戶 (hù): design reading

戶: the home of the primordial spirit, a doorway back.

戈 (gē): design reading

戈: weapons cannot finally solve problems.

屯 (tún): design reading

屯: hard cultivation in the mountains: the difficulty of beginnings, and accumulation.

爪 (zhǎo): design reading

爪: demon claws over the human world.

瓦 (wǎ): design reading

瓦: digging out the high beings fallen into the mortal world.

韋 (wéi): design reading

韋: a person turned away from the Fa above and below.

穴 (xué): design reading

穴: where lives fallen into the Three Realms dwell.

Character components: five strokes, and the heavenly stems

用 (yòng): design reading

用: cultivating with the principles of heaven and earth one has grasped.

禾 (hé): design reading

禾: a product of the universe's deviation: food that dulls the spirit.

立 (lì): design reading

立: yin and yang reversed between heaven and earth: standing upside down.

樂 (lè): design reading

樂: the worlds of the Buddhist and Daoist schools above the universe.

矢 (shǐ): design reading

矢: Houyi shooting the suns: the arrow when heaven's way tilted.

夫 (fū): design reading

夫: taking the laws of heaven and earth as the foundation of one's life.

去 (qù): design reading

去: cast into the Three Realms for deviating from the Fa: as good as dead.

牙 (yá): design reading

牙: serving others, fairly and reasonably.

母 (mǔ): design reading

母: a life entering the lower realm from a higher one, through a life on earth.

甲 (jiǎ): design reading

甲: breaking through the small world, pushing oneself upward.

乙 (yǐ): design reading

乙: saving the people of the world with the Great Law.

Single-unit characters

王 (wáng): design reading

王: cultivating Truthfulness, Compassion and Forbearance together; connecting heaven, earth and humanity.

出 (chū): design reading

出: breaking through layer upon layer of Three Realms to return home.

肉 (ròu): design reading

肉: only with a body of flesh can one cultivate one's true self.

全 (quán): design reading

全: a person who cultivates Truthfulness, Compassion and Forbearance together is whole.

完 (wán): design reading

完: a body covering the primordial spirit: a complete person.

米 (mǐ): design reading

米: the original form of 迷: lost on falling into the material world.

迷 (mí): design reading

迷: a life that falls into the material world enters delusion.

Compound characters

真 (zhēn): design reading

真: rectifying the world of the ten directions with the Buddha Fa, giving rise to truth.

覺 (jué): design reading

覺: seeing through the covering to the changes of the truth.

寺 (sì): design reading

寺: where cultivators live: where the earth is thin.

吾 (wú): design reading

吾: leaping out of the Five Phases, returning to the true self.

悟 (wù): design reading

悟: the understanding gained by a heart without attachment.

好 (hǎo): design reading

好: 女 + 子: more hardship, faster cultivation, a good thing.

福 (fú): design reading

福: reasonableness, harmony and land: blessings bestowed by heaven.

富 (fù): design reading

富: blessings gathered under one roof.

禍 (huò): design reading

禍: people unreasonable, a state without a foundation in the Dao, divided.

窮 (qióng): design reading

窮: a household without the Dao, a household in decline.

貧 (pín): design reading

貧: weapons drawn, fighting over wealth.